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内容简介
‘妄想’是指虚妄分别 《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经》卷四云(大正16·511a)︰‘彼妄想者,施设众名,显示诸相,如此不异,象马车步男女等名,是名妄想 ’《大乘义章》卷三云(大正44·523b)︰‘言妄想者,所谓凡夫迷实之心,起诸法相,辨相施名,依名取相,所取不实,故曰妄想,故经说言︰虚妄分别名字及相,名妄想也 ’此谓凡夫虚妄分别诸法之相,施以名字,更依名字取差别诸相,故称为妄想 妄想之种别甚多,《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经》卷二举出言说妄想、所说事妄想、想妄想、利妄想、自性妄想、因妄想、见妄想、成妄想、生妄想、不生妄想、相续妄想、缚不缚妄想等十二种 《菩萨地持经》卷二〈真实义品〉举出自性妄想、差别妄想、摄受积聚妄想、我妄想、我所妄想、念妄想、不念妄想、俱相违妄想等八种 《大佛顶首楞严经》卷十举出坚固、虚明五种妄想,并谓有妄念、妄执等同义语 如《大乘起信论》云(大正32·576a)︰‘一切诸法唯依妄念而有差别,若离妄念,则无一切境界之相 ’《成唯识论》卷八云(大正31·45c)︰‘阿赖耶以遍计所执自性妄执种为所缘 ’皆为其例 《佛教哲学大词典》 虚妄的想念 无认为有 假想、不合道理的想法、念头与看法 即错误的想法、胡乱的思考 与“妄心”、“妄念”同义 御书覆松野书其一(第一四五七页)《丁福保佛学大词典》(术语)不当于实曰妄,妄为分别而取种种之相曰妄想 注维摩三:‘生曰:妄想妄分别之想也 ’大乘义章三本曰:‘凡夫迷实之心,起诸法相 执相施名,依名取相 所取不实,故曰妄想 ’同五末曰:‘谬执不真,名之为妄 妄心取相,目之为想 ’楞严经一曰:‘一切众生,从无始来,生死相续,皆由不知常住真心性净明体 用诸妄想,此想不真,故有轮转 ’楞伽经四曰:‘妄想自缠,如蚕作茧 ’观无量寿经曰:‘行者所闻,出定之时,忆持不舍,令与修多罗合 若不合者,名为妄想 ’菩提心论曰:‘夫迷途之法从妄想生,乃至展转成无量无边烦恼 ’止观七曰:‘诸法皆妄想和合故有 ’按,《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经》卷二所举的十二种妄想 系依妄想分别之自体差别相所作的分类 其异译本《入楞伽经》卷四、《大乘入楞伽经》卷三则称此为十二分别,所列名称亦略异 兹依《楞伽阿跋多罗宝经注解》卷二(下)所释,略述此十二妄想如次︰(1)言说妄想︰指计着种种音声词句而妄以为有性 (2)所说事妄想︰指大凡所说之事,其自性之极致惟圣智能知 凡夫不解,往往仅依其事相而生言说妄想 (3)相妄想︰指随事起见,如渴鹿望炎阳而生水想;于地水火风执有坚湿暖动之性,而不知其性本融,对于一切法妄计名相 (4)利妄想︰指世间之财宝本是幻物,但凡夫不知而起贪着 (5)自性妄想︰指执持诸法,起自性之见,执而以为是,其余皆非 (6)因妄想︰指于因缘生之法起有无等之见,妄想分别而成生死之因 (7)见妄想︰指外道计着梦见的有无一异俱不俱 (8)成妄想︰指于假名实法之上计我、我所而起言说,成决定论 (9)生妄想︰谓计一切法若有若无,皆从缘起而生分别 (10)不生妄想︰谓一切法皆先有体,不假因缘而生 (11)相续妄想︰谓于一切诸法,执此与彼,递相系属,计着分别,无有断绝 (12)缚不缚妄想︰谓于一切法,以情生着故,则成系缚,若离妄想,则无系缚;凡夫不了,于此无缚解中而生计着